Wireless Architectures

The following section will provide a simple overview of wireless concepts and nomenclature to help the reader understand how WiMAX works and will assist the reader in com-municating with the WiMAX industry.

Wireless architecture: point-to-point and point-to-multipoint

There are two scenarios for a wireless deployment: point-to-point and point-to-multipoint.

  Point-to point and point-to-multipoint configurations

Point-to-point (P2P)

Point to point is used where there are two points of interest: one sender and one receiver.  This is also a scenario for backhaul or the transport from the data source (data center, co-lo facility, fiber POP, Central Office, etc) to the subscriber or for a point for distribution using point to multipoint architecture.  Backhaul radios comprise an industry of their own within the wireless industry.  As the architecture calls for a highly focused beam between two points range and throughput of point-to point radios will be higher than that of point-to-multipoint products.

Point-to-Multipoint (PMP)

As seen in the figure above, point-to-multipoint is synonymous with distribution.  One base station can service hundreds of dissimilar subscribers in terms of bandwidth and services offered.

Line of sight (LOS) or Non-line of sight (NLOS)?

The difference between line of sight and non-line of sight

Earlier wireless technologies (LMDS, MMDS for example) were unsuccessful in the mass market as they could not deliver services in non-line-of-sight scenarios.  This limited the number of subscribers they could reach and, given the high cost of base stations and CPE, those business plans failed.  WiMAX functions best in line of sight situations and, unlike those earlier technologies, offers acceptable range and throughput to subscribers who are not line of sight to the base station.  Buildings between the base station and the subscriber diminish the range and throughput, but in an urban environment, the signal will still be strong enough to deliver adequate service.  Given WiMAX's ability to deliver services non-line-of-sight, the WiMAX service provider can reach many customers in high-rise office buildings to achieve a low cost per subscriber because so many subscribers can be reached from one base station.  

Prinsip Dasar Wimax 802.16

WiMAX is a wireless digital communication system, implement the IEEE 802.16 standard. This leads to WiMAX Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN). Using WiMAX wireless broadband access (Broadband Wireless Access, BWA) up to 50 kilometers for fixed stations, and 5-15 km for mobile stations.

As a comparison, WLAN (WiFi) 802.11 standard to reach only about 30-100 meters.

WiMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, or in the IEEE standard known as 802.16. WiMAX is going to mimic the workings of cellular phone to broadband Internet access.

Simply, how WiMAX is similar to WiFi. But WiMAX has a higher speed, wider coverage, and users who more. WiMAX also has the potential to overcome the problem of internet access in the villages, who do not have internet access because it is not affordable telephone cable.

WiMAX system consists of two parts,

* WiMAX tower, as well as the concept of cellular phone towers (or BTS), or AP on WiFi.A WiMAX tower tower can cover the coverage area of ​​approximately 8.000 square kilometers.

* WiMAX receiver - receiver and antenna, a small box or PCMCIA card, or a system which is integrated into the laptop as WiFi at this time.

WiMAX tower directly connected to the internet with a high-bandwidth cable (such as the T3 line, or optical). It also can connect to the WiMAX tower next to the line-of-sight, microwave link.

The connection to the tower next to it is often called * with the term backhaul, is in such a way that it can cover the range up to rural areas.

There are two forms of the wave beam that WiMAX will be given to this,

* Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS), as well as WiFi, a small antenna of a laptop connected to a WiMAX tower. In this mode, WiMAX uses a lower frequency range which 2-11 GHz (like WiFi).

* Line-Of-Sight (LOS), a satellite dish antenna leads directly to a WiMAX tower. These transmissions use higher frequencies, with ranges reaching up to 66 GHz. At higher frequencies, lower interference and higher bandwidth.

The working principle similar to WiFi WiMAX. A computer with WiMAX facility will be able to receive from the sender station WiMAX.

The difference, WiFi till now capable of sending data of 54 Mbps in optimal conditions.Meanwhile, WiMax is designed capable of up to 70 Mbps.

Which became the focus of WiMAX is the problem of coverage area. This is the advantage of WiMAX. WiFi coverage is only about 100 feet (30 m), while WiMAX to cover the range up to 30 miles (50 km) with its wireless access. The increase was in line with the frequency range used and the sender's power (power of the transmitter).

IEEE 802.16 Specifications

* Range-30-mile (50-km) radius from base station

* Speed ​​- 70 megabits per second

* Line-of-sight is not used between the user and base station

* Frequency Band - 2 to 11 GHz and 10 to 66 GHz (licensed and unlicensed bands)

* Defines both the MAC and PHY layers, and allow for multiple PHY-layer specification.

We don't need 3G

Mobile users in China see 3G as "unnecessary" and "expensive", according to a new survey.

The survey by China Reality Research, an affiliate of financial services firm CLSA, found that 71% of 2G mobile users have no plans to upgrade to 3G.

More handset subsidies, more low-end devices and lower monthly fees are needed to drive 3G subscribers beyond 10 million.
Some of these things are promised, but as they say in Chinese, "Maan maan laih" (slowly, slowly, it comes).
For years, third-generation cellular data technology has been the belle of the mobile wireless ball. In recent months, though, mobile WiMax has emerged, and some believe it will knock 3G off its pedestal.

"Mobile WiMax is definitely picking up momentum," said Daniel Locke, an analyst at Cambridge, Mass.-based Pyramid Research. "It's a clear winner in terms of performance and price." However, Locke quickly added what most analysts and other observers include when talking about mobile WiMax: a caveat.

"It'll be a winner, that is, if what [proponents] say about it turns out to be true," Locke said.

Sprint Nextel, which also has a 3G network, announced last autumn that it will build a $3 billion nationwide mobile WiMax network, which it claims will be faster and cheaper than 3G networks, including its own. That new network is due to launch in Chicago and Washington later this year, with other U.S. cities to follow in 2008.

Then Clearwire LLC, which currently provides only fixed WiMax service in small markets, obtained about $1 billion in financing that it will use to develop a nationwide mobile WiMax network. Clearwire also recently acquired a chunk of WiMax-appropriate spectrum from AT&T Inc.

And in the past two weeks, the IEEE Standards Association launched its effort to create a next-generation mobile WiMax standard that will potentially provide gigabit-level speeds, according to a working document from the organization (download PDF). That effort is starting even before current-generation mobile WiMax equipment is widely available.

While nobody doubts mobile WiMax's momentum, many are expressing strong doubts.

"It has to overcome a whole lot of hurdles that [proponents] are saying are insignificant," said Derek Kerton, principal of the Kerton Group, a telecom consulting firm. "They have to match rhetoric to reality."

WiMax Sampai Di Medan, Akhir Tahun

Akhir Tahun, WiMax Sampai Di Medan

Jakarta - PT First Media Tbk menargetkan menggelar teknologi Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Acess (WiMax) di Kota Medan pada akhir tahun ini.

CEO Sitra WiMax Kumaran Singaram mengatakan menindaklanjuti permintaan pemerintah untuk segera menggelar layanan di Zona 1 segera dilakukan. " Sebelum akhir tahun, sudah hadir di Medan," ujar Kumaran usai peluncuran teknologi WiMax di Karawaci, hari ini.
Seperti diketahui perusahaan ini memenangkan tender jaringan tetap lokal WiMax di Zona 1 wilayah Aceh dan Sumatera Bagian Utara dan Zona 4 di wilayah Jabotabek. Kumaran mengatakan Medanlah kota pertama yang akan merasakan teknologi generasi keempat ini.

Sedangkan untuk wilayah Jabotabek dalam waktu dekat ini akan segera digelar di Puri Indah dan Kebon Jeruk. Setelah itu menyusul kota-kota lain di Jabotabek. Rencananya seluruh Jabotabek akan tergelar keseluruhan dalam empat tahun.

Perusahaan ini menawarkan gratis tiga bulan promosi namun belum mengumumkan harga berlangganan. Dia meyakini layanan ini akan menarik lebih banyak pelanggan. Mereka yang semula berlangganan layanan broadband kabel optik Fast Net bisa menambah kapasitasnya. Perusahaan ini akan menawarkan tiga paket bagi pelanggan yakni 1 Mbps, 2 Mbps, dan 4 Mbps. "Tinggal mengirim permintaan, dan secara otomatis akan mendapat layanan WiMax," ujarnya.

Kumaran menampik WiMax akan menyaingi Fast Net. Menurutnya WiMax akan melayani daerah yang lebih luas dan area yang belum terlayani FastNet. "Tujuan kami untuk mengurangi kesenjangan teknologi," ujarnya.

Mereka sudah menyiapkan investasi sebesar US$100 juta untuk infrastruktur dengan 1500 base transceiver station (BTS). Saat ini mereka menggandeng tujuh perusahaan penyedia menara.

Indonesia Memimpin WiMAX Regional

wimax regional indonesia

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operator telekomukasi wimax

"Perusahaan penyedia perangkat Wimax yang ikut ujicoba makin banyak. Namun, kami memiliki penilaian akhir sampai benar-benar Wimax tersebut bisa digelar," ujarnya. Menurut Basuki, bekerjasama dengan Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT) akan melakukan kajian terhadap frekuensi Wimax dengan batas waktu ujicoba selama tiga hingga enam bulan.
Beberapa perusahaan yang sudah melakukan ujicoba layanan Wimax adalah Indonesian Tower, selain itu, perusahaan produsen perangkat Wimax dari India, Ordyn Tecnologies Pte Ltd juga telah berencana membangun pabrik chipset di Indonesia. Sementara perusahaan yang berminat untuk ikut tender, lanjut Basuki, di antaranya adalah operator telekomunikasi yang menyelenggarakan jaringan tetap dan tertutup. Operator telekomunikasi besar yang berminat menjadi penyelenggara Wimax, antara lain PT Telkom, PT Indosat, dan PT Excelcomindo Pratama (XL), yang dalam pelaksanaannya lisensi Wimax akan dibagi berdasarkan wilayah regional, bukan nasional.
Sebelumnya, Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika, Muhammad Nuh mengharapkan peluncuran Wimax dapat mendorong konektivitas jaringan semakin baik sehingga siap bila digunakan untuk program komputer murah bagi pendidikan.

About WiMAX Roaming

What is WiMAX Roaming?
The WiMAX Roaming White Paper provides an overview of business models and technical aspects of roaming. Roaming enables customers to automatically access their wireless services when travelling outside the geographical coverage area of their home network. This includes internet, e-mail, voice, video and other services available on the home network. Roaming provides the ability for you to access your wireless services by using the network of an operator that is not your home network operator. This is made possible by your home network operator agreeing with other operators to allow you to use your wireless services on their networks.

Benefits of WiMAX Roaming
Roaming provides significant advantages to customers and network operators. Roaming can dramatically expand the coverage area available to customers and can enable an operator to expand its footprint.

Types of Roaming
Roaming can either be national or international. National Roaming occurs when the visited network is in the same country as the home network. International or Global Roaming occurs when the visited network is in a different country than the home network. Roaming can also occur between networks using differing technologies, such as WiMAX and Wi-Fi or WiMAX and 3G. This is known as Inter-standard roaming.

Connecting Operator Networks for Roaming For roaming to occur, the networks of two operators must be connected to provide access to services and to enable the process of sharing usage information and to facilitate billing and financial settlement between operators. This can be achieved by operators establishing direct connections between their networks or by connecting their networks through a third party roaming exchange provider (WRX). One advantage of connecting through a third party provider is that this can enable an operator to connect with many other operators through a single connection. This can allow an operator to expand its footprint quickly.

Roaming Agreements
Roaming agreements set forth the terms and conditions by which operators agree to provide each other’s subscribers with access to their networks. An agreement details which services are to be provided and the rates that the operators will pay for using the other’s network. The agreement also includes information relating to QoS, customer care and billing and financial settlement.